Algorithmic Agency & Liability
Structural assessment of AI autonomy. Measures the degree to which decisions are made by 'Black Box' agents without human-in-the-loop oversight.
Scoring Scale (0-5)
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0Deterministic / Human-Led
No AI decision making; software is purely a tool controlled by humans.
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1Decision Support
AI recommends, Human decides; liability remains clearly with the operator.
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2Bounded Automation
AI acts within strict, hard-coded guardrails (e.g., factory robotics, autopilot on highways).
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3Generative / Open-Ended
AI generates content or code with loose constraints; high risk of 'Hallucination' or IP infringement.
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4Agentic / Transactional
AI agents independently execute financial transactions or negotiate contracts (e.g., automated supply chain ordering).
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5Autonomous / Unsupervised
AI operates critical infrastructure or lethal systems with zero real-time human oversight; liability is legally undefined and catastrophic risk is non-zero.
Score Distribution
How 129 industries score on this attribute
A score of 5 triggers the 'DIG-SEC' Black Swan rules.
Industry Examples
129 industriesReal industries from our analysis demonstrating each score level for Algorithmic Agency & Liability.
61 more industries
Mining of iron ores ISIC 710 Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction ISIC 910 Processing and preserving of meat ISIC 1010 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel ISIC 1410 Manufacture of refined petroleum products ISIC 1920 Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products ISIC 2100 Manufacture of plastics products ISIC 2220 Manufacture of glass and glass products ISIC 2310 Manufacture of basic iron and steel ISIC 2410 Manufacture of structural metal products ISIC 2511 Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment ISIC 2620 Manufacture of communication equipment ISIC 2630 Manufacture of measuring, testing, navigating and control equipment ISIC 2651 Manufacture of irradiation, electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment ISIC 2660 Manufacture of electric motors, generators, transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus ISIC 2710 Manufacture of batteries and accumulators ISIC 2720 Manufacture of domestic appliances ISIC 2750 Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines ISIC 2811 Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery ISIC 2821 Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery ISIC 3030 Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages ISIC 3092 Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies ISIC 3250 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution ISIC 3510 Water collection, treatment and supply ISIC 3600 Materials recovery ISIC 3830 Construction of roads and railways ISIC 4210 Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation ISIC 4322 Sale of motor vehicles ISIC 4510 Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles ISIC 46 Retail sale in non-specialized stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating ISIC 4711 Freight transport by road ISIC 4923 Passenger air transport ISIC 5110 Warehousing and support activities for transportation ISIC 52 Warehousing and storage ISIC 5210 Courier activities ISIC 5320 Short term accommodation activities ISIC 5510 Restaurants and mobile food service activities ISIC 5610 Software publishing ISIC 5820 Television programming and broadcasting activities ISIC 6020 Wired telecommunications activities ISIC 6110 Wireless telecommunications activities ISIC 6120 Computer consultancy and computer facilities management activities ISIC 6202 Other information technology and computer service activities ISIC 6209 Data processing, hosting and related activities ISIC 6311 Other credit granting ISIC 6492 Life insurance ISIC 6511 Non-life insurance ISIC 6512 Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis ISIC 6820 Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy ISIC 6920 Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy ISIC 7110 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering ISIC 7210 Advertising ISIC 7310 Market research and public opinion polling ISIC 7320 Travel agency activities ISIC 7911 Activities of collection agencies and credit bureaus ISIC 8291 Defence activities ISIC 8422 Higher education ISIC 8530 Other human health activities ISIC 8690 Social work activities without accommodation for the elderly and disabled ISIC 8810 Library and archives activities ISIC 9101 Repair of computers and peripheral equipment ISIC 951151 more industries
Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs ISIC 1020 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats ISIC 1040 Manufacture of dairy products ISIC 1050 Distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits ISIC 1101 Preparation and spinning of textile fibres ISIC 1311 Printing ISIC 1811 Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations ISIC 2023 Manufacture of motor vehicles ISIC 2910 Building of ships and floating structures ISIC 3011 Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock ISIC 3020 Manufacture of furniture ISIC 3100 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles ISIC 3211 Repair of fabricated metal products ISIC 3311 Construction of buildings ISIC 4100 Construction of utility projects ISIC 4220 Electrical installation ISIC 4321 Building completion and finishing ISIC 4330 Other specialized construction activities ISIC 4390 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles ISIC 4520 Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories ISIC 4530 Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral equipment and software ISIC 4651 Retail sale of clothing, footwear and leather articles in specialized stores ISIC 4771 Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet ISIC 4791 Sea and coastal freight water transport ISIC 5012 Accommodation ISIC 55 Event catering ISIC 5621 Beverage serving activities ISIC 5630 Motion picture, video and television programme production activities ISIC 5911 Computer programming activities ISIC 6201 Other monetary intermediation ISIC 6419 Other activities auxiliary to financial service activities ISIC 6619 Activities of insurance agents and brokers ISIC 6622 Real estate activities with own or leased property ISIC 6810 Legal activities ISIC 6910 Management consultancy activities ISIC 7020 Technical testing and analysis ISIC 7120 Veterinary activities ISIC 7500 Private security activities ISIC 8010 Combined facilities support activities ISIC 8110 General cleaning of buildings ISIC 8121 Landscape care and maintenance service activities ISIC 8130 Combined office administrative service activities ISIC 8211 Organization of conventions and trade shows ISIC 8230 Packaging activities ISIC 8292 Other education n.e.c. ISIC 8549 Hospital activities ISIC 8610 Medical and dental practice activities ISIC 8620 Residential nursing care facilities ISIC 8710 Gambling and betting activities ISIC 9200 Operation of sports facilities ISIC 9311 Activities of professional membership organizations ISIC 9412Related Strategies
Strategies that incorporate Data, Technology & Intelligence pillar analysis (15 strategies):
Playbooks Using This Attribute
2 playbooks use DT09 in their feasibility checks:
Rules Using This Attribute
2 risk rules use DT09 in their trigger conditions: