Supply Chain Intelligence
Named supply chain maps tracing every step from raw material extraction to end-use consumption. Each chain is analysed for chokepoints, value concentration, and exposure to macro forces reshaping global trade.
Energy & Materials
Battery Supply Chain
The battery supply chain spans from the extraction of critical minerals (lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese) through chemical processing and cell manufacturing to final assembly into electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage systems. It is the enabling infrastructure of the global energy transition — and the most geopolitically contested supply chain of the 2020s.
Copper Supply Chain
Copper is the metal of the energy transition: its unmatched electrical and thermal conductivity makes it indispensable in electric vehicles (3-4× more copper per EV than ICE vehicle), offshore wind turbines, grid transmission cables, and data centre power systems. Global demand is projected to double by 2035 driven by electrification. Yet mine supply growth is constrained by long development timelines (10-20 years), declining ore grades, and concentrated deposits in politically complex jurisdictions — Chile and Peru together produce ~40% of global mined supply. A structural copper deficit is widely forecast for the late 2020s, with major implications for energy transition timelines and inflation.
Digital & Technology
Data Centre Supply Chain
The data centre supply chain assembles the physical infrastructure of the digital economy — from semiconductor fabrication through server manufacturing, facility construction, and electrical systems to the cloud services consumed by billions of users and enterprises. Driven by AI workload growth, hyperscaler investment is reaching $300B+ annually by 2025, creating acute demand constraints across the chain: NVIDIA GPUs, custom silicon, liquid cooling systems, power transformers, and grid connections are all in shortage. The chain is the physical embodiment of the AI infrastructure buildout and its constraints are setting the pace of AI capability deployment.
Semiconductor Supply Chain
The semiconductor supply chain transforms raw materials — primarily silicon, rare earth elements, and ultra-pure specialty chemicals — through lithography, deposition, and etching into the logic chips, memory, and power semiconductors that underpin every digital device on earth. It is the most technically concentrated industrial supply chain in existence: a single Taiwanese manufacturer (TSMC) produces over 90% of the world's leading-edge logic chips, and a single Dutch company (ASML) is the sole global supplier of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography machines — the tool without which advanced chips cannot be made.
Food & Agriculture
Beef Supply Chain
The beef supply chain spans cattle breeding and pasture management through feedlot finishing, slaughter and processing, cold chain logistics, and final sale through supermarkets and foodservice. It is one of the most resource-intensive food supply chains on earth — accounting for approximately 14.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions (FAO) — and one of the most geographically concentrated: the US, Brazil, and Australia together produce ~55% of globally traded beef. Deforestation pressure from Brazilian cattle ranching, water intensity, methane emissions, and antibiotic use make this supply chain one of the highest ESG exposure points in the global food system.
Coffee Supply Chain
The coffee supply chain spans from cultivation in tropical growing regions through wet and dry processing, international commodity trading, industrial roasting, and final distribution to retail shelves and cafés. It connects approximately 125 million people in farming and processing in producing countries to 2 billion daily coffee consumers worldwide — one of the most geographically unequal chains in global trade.