Jobs to be Done (JTBD)
for Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering (ISIC 7210)
JTBD is highly relevant to the R&D sector as it directly addresses critical challenges in market relevance, funding justification, and impact generation. By focusing on the 'job' a solution performs rather than the solution itself, R&D organizations can better understand unmet needs, anticipate...
Why This Strategy Applies
A methodology for understanding the functional, emotional, and social 'job' a customer is truly trying to get done, which leads to innovation opportunities.
GTIAS pillars this strategy draws on — and this industry's average score per pillar
These pillar scores reflect Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering's structural characteristics. Higher scores indicate greater complexity or risk — see the full scorecard for all 81 attributes.
What this industry needs to get done
When evaluating potential research projects, I want to clearly link our scientific exploration to real-world problems and market needs, so I can ensure our efforts generate impactful and adoptable solutions.
Historically, much R&D has been 'technology-push,' leading to solutions without a clear problem, making justification for funding difficult and increasing market obsolescence risk (Strategic Analysis: 'Shifting from Technology-Push to Problem-Pull Innovation', MD01: 2/5).
- New technology adoption rate %
- Market application success rate
When applying for research grants or investment, I want to effectively articulate the long-term societal value and potential economic returns of fundamental research, so I can secure consistent and adequate funding.
Justifying fundamental research beyond immediate commercial applications is challenging, especially for public funding bodies and investors who require clear value propositions (Strategic Analysis: 'Improved Justification and Funding for Fundamental Research', PM03: Tangibility & Archetype Driver 4/5).
- Grant funding success rate %
- Investor interest rate
When building and expanding our research capabilities, I want to attract, onboard, and retain highly specialized scientific and engineering talent, so I can maintain our intellectual leadership and project velocity.
The industry faces significant difficulty in finding and retaining highly skilled, specialized talent due to intense competition and specific domain expertise requirements, leading to high demographic dependency (CS08: Demographic Dependency & Workforce Elasticity: 4/5).
- Key talent retention rate
- Time to fill specialized R&D roles
When conducting complex, interdisciplinary research projects, I want to seamlessly integrate diverse teams and knowledge domains, so I can achieve synergistic breakthroughs and manage project dependencies efficiently.
Cultural friction and normative misalignment between scientific disciplines or different institutional partners can hinder collaboration and slow progress on holistic solutions (CS01: Cultural Friction & Normative Misalignment: 3/5; Strategic Analysis: 'Holistic Job Definition for Interdisciplinary Solutions').
- Inter-departmental project completion rate
- Cross-functional team satisfaction score
When designing and executing experiments, I want to ensure strict adherence to all relevant safety, ethical, and environmental regulations, so I can protect personnel, avoid legal issues, and maintain public trust.
While regulatory frameworks generally exist, the potential for structural toxicity or ethical pitfalls (CS06: 3/5, CS04: 2/5) means constant vigilance and robust internal processes are critical to avoid severe consequences.
- Regulatory audit compliance score
- Safety incident rate
When communicating our research and innovations to the external world, I want to establish and maintain a reputation for scientific rigor, ethical conduct, and impactful contributions, so I can attract collaborations, funding, and public support.
The potential for structural toxicity or social displacement from emerging technologies (CS06: 3/5, CS07: 3/5) necessitates proactive and transparent communication to build and maintain trust and avoid negative social activism.
- Public trust index score
- Media sentiment analysis score
When publishing research findings or presenting at conferences, I want to be recognized as a leading authority and thought leader in our specialized fields, so I can influence scientific discourse and drive future innovation.
Standing out in a competitive research landscape (MD07: Structural Competitive Regime: 3/5) and effectively disseminating complex ideas requires consistent effort, despite numerous existing channels for publication and presentation.
- Citations per publication
- Speaking invitations accepted
When making long-term strategic decisions about research portfolio allocation, I want to feel confident that our chosen directions are both scientifically promising and aligned with future societal needs, so I can minimize the risk of wasted investment.
The inherent uncertainty, long lead times, and high investment in fundamental R&D, coupled with the challenge of predicting future problem-pull needs, create significant anxiety for decision-makers (Strategic Analysis: 'Prioritization Based on Job Importance and Dissatisfaction').
- Strategic research project success rate
- Management confidence survey score
When managing complex research operations involving sensitive materials and specialized equipment, I want to feel in control of logistical challenges and resource availability, so I can ensure experiments proceed without costly delays or compromises.
The high logistical form factor for specialized equipment and sensitive samples (PM02: Logistical Form Factor: 4/5), combined with potential interdependencies in the value chain (MD05: 3/5), creates significant unpredictability and stress for operational managers.
- Project timeline adherence %
- Equipment downtime %
When engaging with my team members, I want them to feel a profound sense of purpose and contribution to groundbreaking scientific discovery, so I can foster motivation, loyalty, and intellectual curiosity.
The long, often arduous path of R&D can lead to burnout, and without clear communication of the broader impact of their work (PM03: Tangibility & Archetype Driver 4/5), it's difficult for individuals to consistently perceive the end value.
- Employee engagement score
- Retention of high-performing researchers
Strategic Overview
The 'Jobs to be Done' (JTBD) framework offers a powerful lens for the Research and Experimental Development on Natural Sciences and Engineering sector to move beyond technology-driven innovation to a problem-centric approach. By deeply understanding the functional, emotional, and social 'jobs' that various stakeholders—from industry partners and government agencies to the broader society—are trying to get done, R&D organizations can better align their research efforts with real-world needs and market demands. This approach shifts the focus from merely developing new technologies to delivering impactful solutions that solve specific, unmet needs.
In an industry grappling with challenges like 'Maintaining Relevance & Expertise' (MD01), 'High Investment Risk in Niche Areas' (MD01), and 'Demonstrating ROI & Value' (MD03), JTBD provides a strategic compass. It helps prioritize research projects, allocate resources more effectively, and articulate the value proposition of complex scientific endeavors in terms that resonate with funders and end-users. This not only enhances the potential for successful commercialization and adoption but also mitigates the risk of pursuing research that, while scientifically sound, lacks a clear application or societal benefit. Ultimately, JTBD can transform how R&D organizations define their mission and measure their success.
4 strategic insights for this industry
Shifting from Technology-Push to Problem-Pull Innovation
Historically, much R&D has been 'technology-push,' developing advancements and then seeking applications. JTBD reverses this, forcing researchers to identify specific 'jobs' (problems/needs) that customers/society are trying to solve, and then designing research to fulfill those jobs. This mitigates 'Market Obsolescence & Substitution Risk' (MD01) by ensuring relevance.
Holistic 'Job' Definition for Interdisciplinary Solutions
Defining 'jobs' encompasses not just functional tasks but also emotional (e.g., 'feel secure about new tech') and social (e.g., 'be seen as a leader') dimensions. This encourages R&D to consider broader contexts and often leads to interdisciplinary research and more comprehensive solutions that address 'Cultural Friction & Normative Misalignment' (CS01).
Improved Justification and Funding for Fundamental Research
Even for fundamental research, JTBD can help articulate long-term societal 'jobs' that require foundational scientific breakthroughs. This aids in 'Demonstrating ROI & Value' (MD03) and navigating 'Funding Volatility & Competition' (MD03) by providing a compelling narrative beyond pure scientific curiosity.
Prioritization Based on 'Job' Importance and Dissatisfaction
JTBD allows R&D organizations to prioritize projects based on how important a 'job' is to the customer and how poorly existing solutions fulfill it. This data-driven prioritization reduces 'High Investment Risk in Niche Areas' (MD01) and ensures resources are allocated to areas with maximum potential impact.
Prioritized actions for this industry
Integrate 'Job Story' Development into Research Proposal Frameworks
Mandate that all new research proposals include a clear 'job story' ('When X, I want to Y, so I can Z') from the perspective of the intended beneficiary. This forces researchers to articulate the real-world problem and value proposition upfront.
Conduct Regular 'Job Interviews' with Diverse Stakeholders
Establish a continuous process of interviewing, observing, and understanding the 'jobs' of industry partners, end-users, policy makers, and even the general public. This primary research feeds directly into identifying unmet needs and informing strategic research directions.
Form Cross-Functional 'Job Teams' for Problem Scoping
Before commencing large projects, convene teams comprising researchers, market analysts, and potential end-users to collaboratively define and refine the 'job-to-be-done.' This ensures research is grounded in actual needs and improves the likelihood of adoption.
From quick wins to long-term transformation
- Conduct introductory JTBD workshops for research team leads and principal investigators.
- Pilot JTBD interviews for 1-2 existing projects to reframe their value proposition.
- Create a simple template for 'job stories' to be included in internal project summaries.
- Integrate JTBD methodology into the formal grant application and project funding review processes.
- Establish a dedicated 'customer insights' function or role within larger R&D organizations to continuously identify and articulate jobs.
- Develop a centralized repository of identified 'jobs' and associated research opportunities.
- Cultivate an organizational culture where all research initiatives are instinctively framed around solving a specific 'job-to-be-done'.
- Align long-term strategic R&D roadmaps and portfolio management directly with societal and industry 'jobs'.
- Develop metrics and incentive structures that reward research impact in terms of 'job fulfillment' rather than just scientific output.
- Confusing features/solutions with actual 'jobs'.
- Lack of deep empathy and superficial understanding of customer needs.
- Internal resistance to changing established research methodologies and proposal formats.
- Difficulty in applying JTBD to purely fundamental or exploratory research where the 'job' is highly abstract or long-term.
- Failing to integrate insights back into the research execution and development cycle.
Measuring strategic progress
| Metric | Description | Target Benchmark |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Projects Linked to Defined 'Jobs' | Percentage of active research projects that can directly articulate a specific 'job-to-be-done' by an identifiable beneficiary. | 80% of new projects within 2 years |
| Stakeholder Satisfaction (Job Fulfillment) | Survey-based satisfaction scores from industry partners, funders, or end-users on how well research outcomes address their identified 'jobs'. | Improvement by 15% over 3 years |
| Funding Success Rate for Job-Centric Proposals | The success rate of grant applications or funding pitches that explicitly use the JTBD framework to articulate their value. | 10% increase above baseline |
Software to support this strategy
These tools are recommended across the strategic actions above. Each has been matched based on the attributes and challenges relevant to Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering.
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Other strategy analyses for Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering
Also see: Jobs to be Done (JTBD) Framework